Oʻzbekcha
ZAMONAVIY GENETIKA VA GENOMIKA YUTUQLARINING QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGI SELEKSIYASIDA TUTGAN O‘RNI
Issue
"Ta'lim ufqlari" ilmiy-uslubiy jurnali 2026-yil 1-son
Abstract
Maqolada zamonaviy genetika va genomika yutuqlarining qishloq xo‘jaligi seleksiyasidagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Genomik seleksiya texnologiyasining ilmiy asoslari, rivojlanish bosqichlari hamda an’anaviy seleksiya usullaridan farqli jihatlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, BLUP, GBLUP, Bayes va sun’iy intellektga asoslangan bashorat modellari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. AQSH, Xitoy va Yevropa mamlakatlarida genomik seleksiya qo‘llanilishining amaliy natijalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. O‘zbekiston sharoitida, xususan paxtachilik va g‘allachilikda ushbu texnologiyani joriy etish istiqbollari baholangan. Tadqiqot davomida ilmiy adabiyotlarni tizimli tahlil qilish va qiyosiy-tavsiflash usullaridan foydalanilgan. Natijada genomik seleksiyani mahalliy seleksiya tizimiga bosqichma-bosqich joriy etish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
Keywords
genetika
genomika
genomik seleksiya
molekulyar markerlar
SNP
qishloq xo‘jaligi seleksiyasi
genotip
fenotip
genomik bashorat
biotexnologiya
Русский
В статье проанализирована роль современных достижений генетики и геномики в сельскохозяйственной селекции. Освещены научные основы геномной селекции, этапы её развития и отличия от традиционных методов селекции. Представлены сведения о статистических моделях прогнозирования (BLUP, GBLUP, Bayes) и моделях, основанных на искусственном интеллекте. Рассмотрены практические результаты применения геномной селекции в США, Китае и странах Европы. Оценены перспективы внедрения данной технологии в условиях Узбекистана, особенно в хлопководстве и зерноводстве. В исследовании использованы методы системного анализа научной литературы и сравнительно-описательного анализа. Разработаны рекомендации по поэтапному внедрению геномной селекции в национальную селекционную систему.
генетика
геномика
геномная селекция
молекулярные маркеры
SNP
сельскохозяйственная селекция
генотип
фенотип
геномное прогнозирование
биотехнология
English
This article analyzes the role of modern achievements in genetics and genomics in agricultural breeding. The scientific foundations, development stages, and advantages of genomic selection over traditional breeding methods are discussed. Statistical prediction models such as BLUP, GBLUP, Bayesian approaches, and artificial intelligence-based methods are reviewed. Practical applications of genomic selection in the United States, China, and European countries are examined. The prospects for implementing this technology in Uzbekistan, particularly in cotton and wheat breeding, are also evaluated. The study is based on systematic literature review and comparative analysis methods. As a result, recommendations for the gradual integration of genomic selection into the national breeding system are proposed.
genetics
genomics
genomic selection
molecular markers
SNP
agricultural breeding
genotype
phenotype
genomic prediction
biotechnology
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