This study examines the sociolinguistic and pragmatic dimensions of legal language in English and Uzbek, focusing on the ways in which linguistic choices are shaped by social structures, institutional practices, cultural conventions, and communicative purposes. The research considers legal discourse as a specialized form of institutional communication in which language performs regulatory, interpretive, descriptive, and interactional functions. Particular attention is given to the relationship between legal language and professional identity, institutional authority, social roles, formality, and culturally determined patterns of communication. From a pragmatic perspective, the study investigates how meaning is influenced by communicative context, participants, legal genre, and the intended function of an utterance. The comparative analysis identifies similarities and differences in the organization and use of legal language in English and Uzbek and demonstrates that linguistic equivalence cannot always be established independently of social, cultural, and institutional context. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating sociolinguistic and pragmatic approaches into comparative legal linguistics, legal translation, terminology research, and intercultural legal communication.