Oʻzbekcha
ORGANIZM QARISHI JARAYONIDA OVQAT HAZM QILISH TIZIMINING MORFOFUNKTSIONAL HOLATINI BELGILOVCHI OMILLAR
Issue
"Ta'lim ufqlari" ilmiy-uslubiy jurnali 2026-yil 1-son
Abstract
Organizmning qarishi endogen (genetik, neyroendokrin, immun) va ekzogen (ovqatlanish, dori-darmonlar, mikrobiota, turmush tarzi) omillarga bog‘liq bo‘lgan oshqozon-ichak trakti (OIT) ning morfologik va funksional o‘zgarishlari majmuasi bilan kechadi. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi qarish davrida MIY morfofunksional holatini belgilovchi omillarni tizimli tahlil qilishdan iborat. Oshqozon-ichak tizimining yoshga bog‘liq o‘zgarishlariga bag‘ishlangan zamonaviy ilmiy nashrlar (2010-2025-yillar) tahlil qilingan. Olingan ma’lumotlar oshqozon-ichak traktidagi yoshga bog‘liq o‘zgarishlarning ko‘p omilli tabiatini va ularni korreksiyalashga kompleks yondashuv zarurligini ko‘rsatadi
Keywords
qarish
oshqozon-ichak trakti
morfofunksional o‘zgarishlar
motorika
mikrobiota
immunitet
sekretsiya
keksalik
Русский
ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА ПРИ СТАРЕНИИ ОРГАНИЗМА
Старение организма сопровождается комплексом морфологических и функциональных изменений желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), которые обусловлены как эндогенными (генетические, нейроэндокринные, иммунные), так и экзогенными факторами (питание, медикаменты, микробиота, образ жизни). Целью настоящего исследования являлся системный анализ факторов, определяющих морфофункциональное состояние ЖКТ при старении. Проведен анализ современных научных публикаций (2010–2025 гг.), посвящённых возрастным изменениям ЖКТ. Установлено, что ключевыми факторами являются снижение моторики, изменение секреторной функции, дисбиоз микробиоты, иммунное старение и полифармакотерапия. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о мультифакторной природе возрастных изменений ЖКТ и необходимости комплексного подхода к их коррекции.
старение
желудочно-кишечный тракт
морфофункциональные изменения
моторика
микробиота
иммунитет
секреция
пожилой возраст
English
FACTORS DETERMINING THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DURING AGING
Aging is accompanied by a complex of morphological and functional changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which are caused by both endogenous (genetic, neuroendocrine, immune) and exogenous factors (diet, medications, microbiota, lifestyle). The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the factors determining the morphofunctional state of the GIT during aging. A review of current scientific publications (2010–2025) on age-related changes in the GIT was conducted. Key factors were found to include decreased motility, changes in secretory function, microbiota dysbiosis, immune aging, and polypharmacotherapy. The data obtained demonstrate the multifactorial nature of age-related gastrointestinal changes and the need for a comprehensive approach to their correction.
aging
gastrointestinal tract
morphofunctional changes
motility
microbiota
immunity
secretion
old age
1. Saffrey, M.J. Aging of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2014;26(1):1–11. doi:10.1111/nmo.12271
2. Pilotto, A., Addante, F., Franceschi, M., Leandro, G., Di Mario, F. Aging and the gastrointestinal tract. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2020;44–45:101666.
3. O‘Toole, P.W., Jeffery, I.B. Gut microbiota and aging. Science. 2015;350(6265):1214–1215.
4. Merchant, H.A., Liu, F., Orlu, M., Basit, A.W. Age-mediated changes in the gastrointestinal tract. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2016;512(2):382–395.
5. Feldman, M., Friedman, L.S., Brandt, L.J. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2016.
6. Barker, N. Adult intestinal stem cells: critical drivers of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2014;15(1):19–33.
7. Camilleri, M., Bharucha, A.E., Farrugia, G. Neurogastroenterology in 2016: advances in understanding gastrointestinal motility disorders. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(2):289–294.
8. Franceschi, C., Campisi, J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2014;69(Suppl 1):S4–S9.
9. O‘Mahony, S.M., Clarke, G., Borre, Y.E., Dinan, T.G., Cryan, J.F. Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain–gut–microbiome axis. Behavioural Brain Research. 2015;277:32–48.
10. Bischoff, S.C. Microbiota and aging. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2016;19(1):26–30.
11. Claesson, M.J., Jeffery, I.B., Conde, S., Power, S.E., O‘Connor, E.M., Cusack, S., Harris, H.M.B., Coakley, M., Lakshminarayanan, B., O‘Sullivan, O. Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature. 2012;488(7410):178–184.
12. Tran, L., Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B. Age-associated remodeling of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2013;68(9):1045–1056.
13. Drozdowski, L.A., Thomson, A.B.R. Aging and the intestine. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2006;12(47):7578–7584.
14. Sepe, P.S., Ohning, G.V., Koch, K.L. Gastrointestinal motility disorders in the elderly. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2011;45(7):557–566.
15. Wood, J.D. Enteric nervous system: sensory physiology, motility, and secretion. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(6):1850–1863.
16. Salazar, N., Arboleya, S., Fernández-Navarro, T., de Los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G., Gonzalez, S., Gueimonde, M. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota and dietary components related to health. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2014;5:191.
17. Rémond, D., Shahar, D.R., Gille, D., Pinto, P., Kachal, J., Peyron, M.A., Dos Santos, C.N., Walther, B., Bordoni, A., Dupont, D. Understanding the gastrointestinal tract of the elderly to develop dietary solutions that prevent malnutrition. Oncotarget. 2015;6(16):13858–13898.
18. Enck, P., Aziz, Q., Barbara, G., Farmer, A.D., Fukudo, S., Mayer, E.A., Spiller, R.C., Quigley, E.M.M. Irritable bowel syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2016;2:16014.
19. Ghosh, T.S., Rampelli, S., Jeffery, I.B., Santoro, A., Neto, M., Capri, M., Giampieri, E., Jennings, A., Candela, M., Turroni, S. Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty. Gut. 2020;69(7):1218–1228.
20. Ticinesi, A., Nouvenne, A., Tana, C., Prati, B., Meschi, T. Gut microbiota, cognitive frailty and dementia in older individuals: a systematic review. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2018. 13:1497–1511.
