Priority areas for applying artificial intelligence to pedagogical education

The International Scientific and Practical Conference entitled “Priority Directions for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Pedagogical Education” was organized by the Department of Intellectual Sciences and Information Technologies of Namangan State Pedagogical Institute on April 24–25, 2026

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English

CASE MARKING OF THE DIRECT OBJECT IN UZBEK AND ITS REPRESENTATION IN SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION

Published
25.04.2026
Journal
Priority areas for applying artificial intelligence to pedagogical education
Issue
Priority areas for applying artificial intelligence to pedagogical education
Pages
1018-1027
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.22723369

Authors

Abstract

The paper examines the annotation of direct objects in Uzbek, focusing on overt and unmarked accusative forms. It analyses their representation within the Universal Dependencies framework and argues that both forms should receive the same obj relation, while accusative marking should be represented at the morphological level. The study also proposes criteria for identifying unmarked objects and compares the Uzbek pattern with English.

Keywords

Universal Dependencies Uzbek accusative marking direct object syntactic annotation treebanks

Other language versions

Oʻzbekcha
Ushbu maqolada oʻzbek tilidagi toʻgʻri toʻldiruvchilarning belgilangan (oshkora) va belgisiz tushum kelishigi shakllarida ifodalanishi hamda ularning annotatsiyasi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Universal Dependencies (UD) standartlari doirasida har ikki shakl ham sintaktik jihatdan bir xil obj (object) munosabatini olishi kerakligi, tushum kelishigi belgisi esa morfologik satrda (Case=Acc) aks ettirilishi lozimligi asoslab beriladi. Shuningdek, maqolada belgisiz toʻldiruvchilarni aniqlash mezonlari taklif etilib, oʻzbek tili strukturasi ingliz tili modeli bilan qiyoslanadi.
Oʻzbek tili Universal Dependencies daraxtlar banki (treebank). sintaktik annotatsiya toʻgʻri toʻldiruvchi tushum kelishigi belgisi
Русский
В статье рассматривается аннотирование прямого дополнения в узбекском языке с акцентом на выраженные (оформленные) и невыраженные (неоформленные) формы винительного падежа. Анализируется их репрезентация в рамках модели Universal Dependencies (UD), где аргументируется, что обе формы должны получать одинаковое синтаксическое отношение obj, тогда как наличие или отсутствие падежного маркирования должно отражаться на морфологическом уровне (Case=Acc). Также предлагаются критерии выявления неоформленных прямых дополнений и проводится сопоставительный анализ узбекской конструкции с английским языком.
Universal Dependencies корпус деревьев (treebank) показатель винительного падежа прямое дополнение синтаксическая аннотация

References

1. Akhundjanova, A., & Talamo, L. (2025). Universal Dependencies Treebank for Uzbek. In Š. A. Holdt, N. Ilinykh, B. Scalvini, M. Bruton, I. N. Debess, & C. M. Tudor (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains (RESOURCEFUL-2025) (pp. 1–6). Tallinn: University of Tartu Library.
2. Matlatipov, S., Aripov, M., Bobokandov, M., & Matlatipov, G. (2026). Annotated universal dependencies dataset for literary and educational Uzbek texts. Data in Brief, 66, 112857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2026.112857
3. de Marneffe, M.-C., Manning, C. D., Nivre, J., & Zeman, D. (2021). Universal Dependencies. Computational Linguistics, 47(2), 255–308. https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00402
4. Tyers, F. M., Washington, J., Çöltekin, Ç., & Makazhanov, A. (2017). An Assessment of Universal Dependency Annotation Guidelines for Turkic Languages. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Turkic Languages Processing (TurkLang 2017) (pp. 276–297). Kazan: Tatarstan Academy of Sciences.
5. Kizilkaya, S., Levy-Forsythe, Z., & von Heusinger, K. (2022). Affectedness and Differential Object Marking in Turkish and Uzbek. Linguistics, 60(6), 1907–1941. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0216
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